Growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters, and histological features of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) fed diets with supplementary herbal extracts under prolonged water exchange

Abstract Nile tilapia is known for its relative tolerance to some biotic and abiotic stressors. However, long-period water exchange may impair the health status and, thereby, growth performance feed utilization. In this regard, using herbal extracts help relieve adverse impacts of low quality on productivity fish species. A 100-day feeding trial was designed examine effects dietary supplements Aloe vera leaves (AVE), chamomile flowers, Matricaria chamomilla (CFE) quality, performance, well-being tilapia. Fish (3.95±0.05 g, n=1200) were distributed into five groups (15 fiberglass tanks, 2 m 3 ) under a rate 20% every two days standard control (T0) without supplements. (T1, T2, T3, T4), long period 50% month, wherein T1 (stressed control), T4 fed diet supplemented with 0% extract, 1% AVE, CFE 0.5% AVE +0.5% CFE, respectively. Results showed that T2 exhibited clear improvement stress, it almost similar their counterparts normal conditions in terms specific rate, survival intake, conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio. Moreover, lowest levels aspartate aminotransferase obtained T0. addition, highest white blood cell count hemoglobin values recorded group T0, followed by T4, while no significant difference between T3 T1. stressed (T1) compared T0 groups. conclusion, supplied A. extract restored level conditions.